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Item 90 More Hot Nights(1986-05) Pace, Judy A.A family gathers to celebrate the ninety-second birthday of the family's matriarch, who thinks she's turning 102 and is about to die. As the family comes together, each member has problems and conflicts to work through, bound by the parameters of the family. My final project is a play based on this premise. It is a regional work, utilizing Southern dialogue and a Southern setting. The play is prefaced by an introduction explaining the importance of drama in the development of thought and examining some of the characteristics of Southern literature. In a study of the humanities, the importance of both partaking of literature and putting words on paper cannot be overemphasized. Studying the development of thought, one sees how the writings of each age have contributed to man's enrichment. 90 More Hot Nights is intended to say something about life and how much can happen in the course of a day; it is intended to chronicle a part of the thought of the rural South in the 1980s.Item A Communications Program Toward Rectification of Child Abuse in the Shreveport/Bossier City Area(1986-12) Culligan, Rita CromwellThe thesis presented concentrates on providing a communications program to help alleviate child abuse in the Shreveport/Bossier City community. The development of the communications campaign centers around resources already found in the community. A critique of ineffective measures are presented as well as options which are viable. The first phase of the campaign involved data gathering through professiona1s who deal with abused children. This was done by the use of an instrument designed by the author for such purpose. Phone interviews and personal visits with professionals were also used. In the second phase a community plan of preventive action is developed. This phase consists of involvement of the media, local churches, educators, neighborhood organizations, and the medical community. The final phase of the communications campaign should be the evaluation of the campaign. Since the campaign cannot be initiated and accomplished by the author for the purposes of the study and no one else has ever initiated such a widespread community campaign only a comparison with smaller successful campaigns can be made. Based on the success level of those programs Significant reductions in child abuse should occur.Item A Comparison of Effects of Transformational and Instructional Leadership on Elementary School Performance Scores in Southern United States(2019-12) Rainey, Marvin DavisThe purpose of this study was to compare the direct effects of elementary principals’ transformational leadership, defined by Avolio and Bass (1995), and instructional leadership defined by Hallinger (2008) and Hallinger and Murphy (1985) on elementary school performance scores (SPS). The goal of this study was to determine which leadership style, transformational or instructional, produced the stronger predictor of elementary SPS. The study surveyed 30 elementary principals and 385 elementary teachers in Southern United States using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X) to measure principals’ transformational leadership behaviors and the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS) to measure principals’ instructional leadership behaviors. A correlational approach was used to determine if a linear relationship existed between school demographical variables and SPS, and a multiple linear regression was used to determine if instructional and transformational leadership predicted elementary SPS at the teacher and institutional levels. The study results concluded that transformational leadership was a significant predictor of SPS at the teacher-level, β = .119, t(378) = 2.329, p < .05, and accounted for 1.4% (R2 = .014) of the variance in SPS. When including the school demographical variables in the multiple regression, teacher retention rateand the percentage of white teachers yielded the strongest positive association with elementary SPS. Further research is needed in the area of specific leadership behaviors within transformational and instructional leadership and their effects on annual school growth and teacher retention. According to the findings, other school variables beyond principals’ leadership styles should be considered in order to increase opportunities for equitable teaching and learning at academically struggling schools.Item A Comparison of Political Leaders’ Operational Codes Based on Culture and Gender(2020-05) Vigil, Jennifer J.This study aimed to compare the operational codes (i.e., philosophical and instrumental beliefs) of men and women political leaders from individualist and collectivist cultures. Specifically, this study investigated the main effects and interactions of gender and culture on the operational codes of presidents and prime ministers. Overall, the multivariate test indicated a significant main effect for two variables in the study. The main effect of culture was significant, Wilks’ lambda F(4,186) = 2.806, p = .027, partial η2 = .057, as was the GDP (a covariate), Wilks’ lambda F(4,186) = 2.793, p = .028, partial η2 = .057. The results indicate that the operational codes of political leaders from collectivist cultures are more cooperative in their approach to and pursuit of political goals than individualist leaders. No significant results were found for gender or a gender x culture interaction. However, the results revealed that a gender x culture trend may exist. That is, collectivist women appeared to be more cooperative in their approach to and pursuit of goals than collectivist men and individualist men and women. Additionally, collectivist women seemed to view the political universe as friendlier than the other groups and be more optimistic about their realization of political values.Item A History Of The Egan Family With Emphasis On Dr. Bartholomew Egan And Dr. James Cronin Egan(LSU Shreveport, 1987) Wilson, Anne DierNo study of the history of North Louisiana would be complete without considering the Egan family, especially Dr. Bartholomew Egan (1795-1878) and his son, Dr. James C. Egan (1822-1911). The Egans were respected and honored for their wisdom, knowledge, and Judgment, not only in their chosen field of medicine, but also in politics and education. After receiving his degree from Trinity College, Dublin, Bartholomew migrated from Ireland to America in 1818. He lived in Virginia for over twenty years and during this time he was a principal at various classical academies throughout the state. Desiring to pursue medicine as a career, he attended lectures at the University of Virginia and after completing his course, practiced medicine in Virginia until he moved to Louisiana in In Louisiana, he helped found Mount Lebanon University and became its first president. He also helped organize and became the first president of the Northwestern Louisiana Medical Society in 1856. He was appointed by Governor Henry Watkins Allen to superintend the State Chemical Laboratory during the War Between the States. For many years Dr. James C. Egan practiced medicine in Louisiana and is credited with successfully performing one of the first Cesarean sections in the state. When the Civil War began, Egan volunteered his services as a physician to the Confederacy and during Reconstruction he was elected to the State Senate and helped pass the bill which re-established Louisiana State University. In 1876 he helped re-organize the Shreveport Medical Society and in 1878 was elected first president of the state society. He lived well into the 20th century and true to the progressive spirit of the time, Egan directed his undying energy to the improvement of public health. The lives of these two men exemplify the cultured, well-educated mind of the old South.Item A Measure of Food Safety Knowledge, Practices, Attitudes, And Risk Perception of Foodborne Illness Among Adult Consumers in Louisiana Region VII(2019-05) Williams, Shakera S.Foodborne illness in the United States is a costly and underreported public health burden that is largely preventable if the proper food safety steps are taken within the home environment. Approximately 3,000 deaths occur each year from foodborne infections with 128,000 hospitalizations, and 1 in 6 people will become ill. Foodborne illness is a great concern for vulnerable populations such as: pregnant women and their unborn babies, young children, individuals with weakened immune systems, and older adults. Adult consumers carry the burden to prevent foodborne illnesses when buying foods and beverages at the grocery store, storing foods at safe temperatures, safe preparation of foods, and finally cooking foods at the proper internal temperatures within the home environment. The measure of food safety knowledge, handling practices, attitudes, and risk perception of foodborne illness showed significant differences among gender, race, and educational levels. More progress is needed to protect people and reduce foodborne illness in Louisiana. A state survey administered by the Louisiana Department of Health should be completed to further measure the food safety knowledge, practices, attitudes, and risk perception of foodborne illness among adult consumers. Food safety awareness in Louisiana should be a collaborative effort between public health educators, practitioners, governmental agencies, and the food industry.Item A Public Relations Approach to Alleviate the Teenage Drug Problem in Caddo Parish(1986-08) Ragsdale, Paula Warren"A Public Relations Approach to Alleviate the Teenage Drug Problem in Caddo Parish" By Ragsdale, Paula WarrenItem A Qualitative Study On The Leadership Experiences Of African American Women Founders Of Nonprofit Theatres With An Eye Towards Future Leadership Development(2021-08) Feaster Evans, Angelic DarcelThis qualitative phenomenological research study explored the lived experiences of African American women founders of nonprofit African American theatre organizations with an eye towards supporting future leader development. The development of more African American women founders or executive leaders in the theatre arts is vital to the growth of leadership diversity in nonprofit African American theatre organizations. The three-fold purpose of this study was to examine the lived experiences of African American women founders of nonprofit African American theatres, identify specific leadership approaches of these women, and understand best practices for mentoring and sponsoring the next generation of African American women arts leaders. Thirteen prominent African American women founders or cofounders of African American nonprofit theatre organizations in the United States completed a researcher developed 12-item demographic survey and semi-structured, open-ended interview. These results generated five superordinate themes (communal environments, existential barriers, impact of social movements, relational support, and progressional leadership), 12 themes, and 16 subthemes on the leadership approaches of African American women founders of nonprofit theatres. The study yielded three implications that may impact the leadership trajectory of future African American women founders of theatres. First, educational institutions must re-examine the value and importance of the educational arts experiences provided to all students, specially African American girls. Second, current African American women arts leaders must work collectively and collaboratively to develop effective mentor-mentee programs for African American women arts leaders that create and maintain culturally driven community-to-career pipelines. Third, arts organizations must transform workplace environments into diverse entities reflective of the demographic landscape that supports the development of African American women arts leaders.Item Action Alert: An Ongoing Program of Public Art Is Necessary and Possible in Shreveport.(1985-12) Nathan, Tama RippsThe decline of oil, gas and manufacturing revenues, the changes in expectations of minority groups, parish and city governments, and other changes have prompted differenc sec tors of our community to examine alternate ways for the city to prosper. The Belden-Daniels study, jointly sponsored by the Chamber of Commerce and city government, targeted eco nomic solutions and stressed the need for involvement of all citizens if there was to be progress. The problem of many separate Shreveports was cited by the minister of our largest Baptist congregation in a much publicized and de bated sermon. Shreveport's possibilities can and should also be examined from the standpoint of the visual arts be cause a lack of aesthetic quality affects the sense we have of ourselves and the way we're seen by others. During my deliberation of possible areas of study for a final project, as a visual artist I thought of how Grand Rapids started to realize the possibilities of a public art program when in 1967, Henry Geldzahler, then director of the National Endowment for the Arts Visual Arts Program spoke at that local museum. On an introductory tour of Grand Rapids, which included an urban renewal site close to completion, he told his hostess about the new Art in Public Places grants, and noted that sites like the one they were viewing could be enhanced by its use. What catalyst could activate such possibilities here?Item An Examination of the Staffing Needs of Respiratory Therapy Departments in Louisiana(2020-04) Danzy, Jillian N.Workforce development for the respiratory therapy profession is a growing concern with the increase in demand for respiratory therapists. Soon, there may be staffing difficulties due to retirement, respiratory therapists leaving the profession, and decreased enrollment into accredited respiratory therapy programs nationwide. The profession has potential for growth, as the number of people suffering with cardiopulmonary disease is rising and the demand for preventative services, like smoking cessation, is increasing. The purpose of this research was to assess the perceptions of staffing needs and the future of the respiratory therapy profession amongst Louisiana State respiratory therapists. This study was of cross-sectional design and utilized a modified 39-question survey tool, delivered via e-mail to 618 Louisiana members of the American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize responses and inferential statistics, including Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests, were used to compare variables. The response rate was 19%. Understaffing was perceived by 50% of participants and those within the hospital setting, including directors, supervisors, and staff therapists, perceived understaffed work environments more often than other groups. Participants indicated that salary was most important to them as employees, followed by room for growth and scope of practice. Additionally, participants indicated the ability to assess patients and develop care plans and the ability to receive reimbursement for services as the most important factors for the future of the profession. Most (69.8%) agreed or strongly agreed that the entry-level minimum should be increased to the bachelor’s degree and 21.6% agreed that the master’s degree in respiratory therapy should be supported to increase the scope of respiratory therapy practice. Although half of participants perceived understaffed work environments, 77.6% felt it is important to remain in the respiratory therapy profession and 93.1% agreed or strongly agreed on the importance of maintaining an active membership in the AARC. These data are useful indicators that there is room for growth and Louisiana respiratory therapists are motivated to grow with the profession. There is internal support from the profession to provide a competent workforce that can and will deliver quality healthcare to those who have risk for cardiopulmonary disease. The survey results serve as an important indicator that Louisiana respiratory therapists are committed to workforce development and will continue to be a vital part of public health practice.Item An Oral History Of Vietnam Veterans In Shreveport And Bossier(LSU Shreveport, 1987) Bicknell, Mary DuettThe purpose of my study, An Oral History of Vietnam Veterans in Shreveport and Bossier, is to provide a historical record of the impressions that the war made on some veterans who live in the community. It has been approximately eleven years since the fall of Saigon in the face of the North Vietnamese onslaught, but we are just now able to analyze our role in the war effort and the effect it had on our veterans. Therefore it is hoped that my oral history project will give some insight that will help in understanding the war and the veterans who fought it.Item Bridging the Gap: Examining Bi-Vocational Clergy Leadership Approaches in Clergy and Non-Clergy Employments(2023-05) Craig, David BryanBi-vocational clergy is in high demand in the United States. Bi-vocational clergy face and lack resources and support systems to navigate between clergy and non-clergy employment. This phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of bi vocational clergy in the Church of the Nazarene. The study examines the leadership approaches of bi-vocational clergy to understand the challenges they face and discover the resources they were aware of and could access. In addition, it is to determine what support systems would benefit bi-vocational clergy as they navigate between their clergy and non-clergy employment. The study's findings show that bi-vocational clergy in the Church of the Nazarene need further leadership training to assist them as they navigate from their clergy to non-clergy employment. The resources available to bi-vocational clergy are inadequate, or there is not an excellent system to assist them in finding these resources. Furthermore, bi-vocational clergy needs support systems with bi-vocational colleagues and mentoring or coaching from leaders in the Church who serve above them. The study's results include recommendations for leadership development to meet the future needs of bi-vocational clergyItem Changing the Face of Arthuriana: Women’s Arthurian Tradition in Twentieth-Century America(2020-12) Hoffnung, Rachel J.This thesis is a limited analysis of late twentieth-century American adaptations of the Arthurian legend. I examine three novels published by American authors in the 1970s and 1980s: David Drake’s The Dragon Lord (1979), Phyllis Ann Karr’s The Idylls of the Queen (1982), and Marion Zimmer Bradley’s The Mists of Avalon (1982). This thesis aims to provide greater scholastic attention to American women’s literary contributions to the Arthurian tradition and to examine the varying representations and characterizations of prominent Arthurian women. Findings from this study suggest that twentieth-century female Arthurianists break from the conventions of their male contemporaries. They reimagine prominent themes from the legend—particularly regarding power dynamics, magic, sexuality, and marriage—to provide significant social commentary for the modern age in which they live. Their adaptations exemplify the legend’s malleability in communicating a culture’s modern values and ethics, as well as its efficacy in examining the largely underrepresented voices within the Arthurian community.Item Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Colonizing Group B Streptococcal Isolates in Pregnant Women of Northwest Louisiana(2019-05) Butler, KristinUnderstanding the population structure of colonizing group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolates in pregnant women is essential to enhance surveillance and inform vaccine policies. Previous GBS research in this population identified acute sexually transmitted infection and African American race as unique risk factors for GBS colonization with highly antibiotic resistant strains. This retrospective study provided epidemiological, observational, and comparative analysis by utilizing chart reviews, microbiological data, and molecular data of 333 archived GBS isolates from pregnant patients who were screened for GBS at University Health-Shreveport (UH-S) between January 1, 2013 and April 1, 2018. Of the GBS isolates studied here, statistically significant relationships were found between azithromycin exposure, chlamydia infection, and antibiotic resistance. These findings support the hypothesis that azithromycin exposure during pregnancy for Chlamydia trachomatis infection is related to increased antimicrobial resistance in colonizing strains of GBS. Serotype data for 93 of the 333 isolates included in this analysis were available for correlation with demographic, microbiological, and molecular data. Seroprevalence for this region was found to be comparable to reference populations in the U.S. and Canada. However, no relationship was found between serodistribution and any specific antibiotic resistance phenotype. Based on the findings from this study, future prospective studies are intended to further evaluate how these aspects of colonizing GBS influence pregnancy outcomesItem Comparison of Classroom Management Self-Efficacy of Teachers Based Upon Their Certification Type, Principal's Gender, and Leadership Style: A Quasi-Experimental Vignette Study(2019-12) Ford, LaShonda D.The purpose of this quasi-experimental vignette study was to determine if principals' leadership styles and genders, and teachers' certification types effect teachers' classroom management self-efficacy while controlling for teacher's gender, age, ethnicity, teaching assignment, tenure, and years of experience. Participants included 281 (152 traditionally and 129 alternatively certified) teachers from 9 public schools (K-12) and one alternative program from a district in Northwestern, Louisiana. An ANOVA was conducted to determine if teachers’ classroom management self-efficacy differs based on certification pathway, principal's gender, and leadership styles after holding the teacher's gender, age, ethnicity, assignment type, tenure, and total years of experience constant. The analysis revealed no statistically significant difference (p > .05) based on a certification type or principal's gender. However, the ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference (p < .05) based on leadership style. Further observation of the adjusted mean showed that teachers had a higher classroom management self efficacy when leadership style was perceived as supportive (M = 7.545, SE = .093) rather than directive (M = 7.267, SE = .094). The main effect analysis also revealed that the covariate teacher's gender, significantly adjusted (p = .004) classroom management self-efficacy. With the largest effect size (η2 = 0.03) of all measured variables, further examination of the descriptiveshow that male teachers had higher total TSES scores (M = 7.39, SE = .105) and classroom management scores (M = 7.72, SE = .117) than the female teacher's total TSES (M = 7.34, SE = .062) and classroom management self-efficacy scores (M = 7.34, SE = .078). A 3-way ANCOVA was used and revealed no statistically significant difference (p > .05) and, therefore, no significant 2-way interaction effect between the principal's gender and leadership style based on teacher's classroom management self-efficacy. The ANCOVA also determined that there was no statistically significant difference (p > .05) and therefore no significant 2-way interaction effect between the principal's gender and teacher's certification type based on teacher's classroom management self-efficacy. The ANCOVA further revealed that no significant 2-way interaction effect (p > .05) between leadership style and teacher's certification type based on the teacher's classroom self-efficacy was found. Lastly, the 3-way ANCOVA indicated that the combined adjusted group means were not statistically significantly different (p > .05). Thus, there was no statistically significant 3-way interaction effect between the principal's gender, leadership style, and teacher's certification type based on the teacher's classroom management self-efficacy. Findings from this study suggest that principals who exhibit the behaviors of a supportive leader rather than a directive leader are more likely to increase teachers' overall self-efficacy and classroom management self-efficacy—taking into account the significant effect of the covariate, teachers' genders. Consequently, improving teaching and learning.Item Counterproductive Counterinsurgency: Lessons from the Misuse of Airpower in the American Vietnam Conflict and the United States’ Fight against ISIS(2017-05) Dean, Ashley E.America’s relationship with the world drastically changed after World War II. The fear of radicalism, namely communism, drew the United States into Vietnam, a conflict with no real resolution. Far-fetched justifications, unclear rules of engagement, and a tangled bureaucracy all made the American experience in Vietnam a strategic and tactical nightmare. Stagnant, World War II-era tactics plagues American foreign actions in Southeast Asia and do now in the fight against Islamist extremists in the Middle East and Africa. The lessons learned and ignored from the American Vietnam Conflict are more relevant today than ever. As U.S. military and political strategists look to the future in another seemingly endless war, it is prudent that they also look to the past to develop a winning strategy.Item Department Chair's Personal Power, Positional Power, and Faculty Job Satisfaction in Higher Education Settings: A Moderation of Transformational Leadership(2022-05) Thomas-Dean, FermineDepartment chairs in higher education are leaders charged with the daily administrative functions, visioning, and managing academic units and programs. The purpose of this study was to assess the moderating role of transformational leadership in predicting the relationship between department chairs' personal and positional power on faculty job satisfaction at four-year private and public universities in Louisiana. As determined by the G* power analysis, the appropriate sample for this study included 300 faculty members from 4-year universities in Louisiana. Of those 300 faculty members, 83 completed the study survey. The survey was distributed online via Qualtrics. Each variable was measured using three different instruments. These instruments included the 20-item Power Scale developed by Hinkin and Schriesheim (1994) that assessed department chairs' personal and positional power, the 7-item Global Transformational Leadership Scale developed by Carless et al. (2007) which examined transformational leadership style, and the 10-item Job Satisfaction Survey by Macdonald & MacIntyre (1997) which evaluated faculty job satisfaction levels. Utilizing multiple linear regression, the study findings indicated a statistically non significant direct effect (β = .189, p>.05) between personal power and job satisfaction. The findings also indicated a statistically non-significant direct effect (β=.268, p>.05) between departmental chairs’ positional power and faculty job satisfaction. In addition, the direct effect between transformational leadership and job satisfaction was statistically significant (β =1.138, p< .05). The findings suggest that the interaction effect (β = -.183, p>.05) between personal power and job satisfaction was not statistically significant when transformational leadership moderated the relationship between variables. Further, the interaction effect (β = -.360, p>.05) between positional power and job satisfaction was not statistically significant when transformational leadership was moderated the relationship between variables. This study provided evidence of transformational leadership’s impact on the individual variable of job satisfaction but did not act as a significant moderator when variables, including personal and positional power, were examined when related to faculty perceptions of department chairs.Item Digitized(2023-05) Thomas, Tori D.Social media users who regularly engage on various photo-based social media sites are exposed to unrealistic body types at unprecedented rates. Social media showcases unrealistic depictions of women that are not always naturally obtainable. Young girls are developing mood disorders and insecurities because their bodies do not emulate what social media is putting forward as the standard of beauty. The pressure to adapt to societal beauty ideals is more likely to impact young girls under the age of twenty-five, causing them to modify their bodies, attitudes, and actions to fit in with the crowd. This includes the consideration of cosmetic alterations, such as plastic surgery. Mental health issues amongst younger generations have gained nationwide attention over the past few years. Growing reports of mental health related emergency room visits and suicide attempts have become a common phenomenon. The connection and concerns pertaining to mental health issues amongst younger generations intensified when classified Facebook documents became known to the public from whistle-blower Frances Haugen. These documents revealed that the psyche of Instagram users, specifically young girls, was negatively impacted from their time spent on Instagram. Young girls reported feelings of low self-esteem and started engaging in appearance-related activities. Discoveries from the Facebook whistleblower hearing started conversations on publicly syndicated shows and news networks. To further explore the connection between mental health disparities amongst young girls and their emotional well-being, I created a documentary film to document the testimony of seven first year female college students in Generation Z who use social media, to gain insight into their emotional well-being after engaging on photo based social media sites.Item Does Cultural Orientation (Horizontal Individualism, Horizontal Collectivism, Vertical Individualism, and Vertical Collectivism) Predict Implicit and Explicit Biases Toward Women as Leaders in the Health Services Industry?(2020-08) Harris, Cynthia; Minor, CamilleThe purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to determine whether cultural orientation predicts one’s implicit and explicit biases toward women in executive leadership positions in the health services industry. The data supported that all four of the null hypotheses were not rejected in research question one. There was no significant relationship found between cultural orientation (horizontal individualism, horizontal collectivism, vertical individualism, or vertical collectivism) and an implicit bias toward women as leaders in the health services industry. In research question two, the data findings supported two out of the four null hypotheses and rejected the other two null hypotheses. Participants with a cultural orientation of horizontal individualism and vertical collectivism did not have a significant relationship with explicit bias. There was however a significant, positive relationship between horizontal collectivism and explicit bias, and a significant, negative relationship between vertical individualism and explicit bias. The findings from this study suggest that horizontal collectivists have an explicit bias toward women in executive leadership positions in the health services industry. The negative relationship suggest vertical individualists do not have an explicit bias toward women in executive leadership positions in the health services industry. Results from the research suggest that organizations should implement strategic plans that include program agendas that aim to reduce gender bias based on explicit prejudices, mentoring programs and leadership development programs that encourage diversity and inclusivity of women seeking to get beyond the glass ceiling. Keywords: women, leadership, cultural orientation, implicit bias, explicit biasItem Ethical Leadership as a Predictor of Principals’ Inclusion and Social Justice Attitudes: A Test of Planned Behavior Theory(2020-08) Bell, Jeremy C.; Minor, Carmen T.The purpose of this exploratory quantitative study is to investigate how ethical leadership in principals predicts their inclusion attitudes and social justice attitudes. This study also seeks to investigate how a principal’s social justice attitude, social justice subjective norms, and social justice perceived behaviors predict their intentions. Multiple instruments were used to survey 225 principals in the United States. Results indicated that Ethical Leadership is a positive predictor of principals with a positive attitude toward inclusion of students with disabilities. Ethical Leadership is also a positive predictor of principals’ social justice attitudes. Results also indicated (ranked high-lowest) that social justice attitudes, then social justice subjective norms, and lastly social justice perceived behavior contribute to predicting social justice intentions. Control variables used in the study had little to no effect on inclusion attitudes, social justice attitudes, or social justice intentions. Results were compared and discussed in relation to the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991). This research concludes with discussion for implications for this study’s use in principal preparation programs, as well as recommendations for future research.